Površinski aktivne tvari kao onečišćivala okoliša

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Surface active agents as environmental pollutants
• Author: Magdalena Remetović
• Mentor: Nikola Sakač (mentor)
• Committee member: Igor Petrović (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Nikola Sakač (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Anita Ptiček Siročić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ivan Kovač (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Geotechnical Engineering; Varaždin
• Defense date and country: 2020-07-17, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Interdisciplinary Technical Sciences; Environmental Engineering

Abstract

Površinski aktivne tvari su organski spojevi koji se dijele na anionske, kationske, neionske i amfoterne. Primjenjuju se kao sastojci mnogih proizvoda za higijenu i dezinfekciju u kućanstvu i industriji. Djeluju biocidno, kao dezinficijensi, emulgatori i sredstva koja se pjene i odmašćuju. Imaju široku upotrebu zbog čega se u svijetu proizvodi velika količina ovih spojeva, a njihova potrošnja svake godine sve više raste. Njihov negativni utjecaj zabilježen je u svim sastavnicama okoliša kao i u živim organizmima. Lako se akumuliraju u sediment, tlo, na biljke i organizme, uzrokuju pjenjenje, smanjuju površinsku napetost i sprečavaju izmjenu kisika. Na biološkoj razini djeluju nepovoljno na mikroorganizme, životinje i biljke. Muljem i tekućinama dospijevaju u tla, a još nepoznatim putem u atmosferu. Zbog toga je potrebno pratiti i kontrolirati površinski aktivne tvari u okolišu. Danas se koristi nekoliko analitičkih metoda kojima se uspješno određuje prisutnost površinski aktivnih tvari u vodi. Tehnike su uglavnom bazirane na vizualnoj detekciji uz ekstrakciju i stvaranje obojanog ionskog para te elektrokemijskoj detekciji uz primjenu ionsko selektivnih elektroda za surfaktante baziranih na ionskom paru u tekućoj membrani. Tretiranjem površinski aktivnih tvari kroz fizikalno-kemijske i biološke procese razgradnje u sustavima za obradu otpadnih voda uspješno se uklanjaju iz okoliša.

Abstract (english)

Surface active agents are organic compounds that can be divided into anionic, cationic, non-ionic and amphoteric. They are used as ingredients in many hygiene and disinfection products in households and industry. They act as biocides, disinfectants, emulsifiers, foaming and degreasing agents. These compounds are produced in large quantities and their consumption increases every year as a consequence of their extensive use. The negative impact of surface active agents has been recorded in all the components of the environment as well as in living organisms. They accumulate easily in sediment, soil, plants, and organisms and they cause foaming, reduce surface tension and prevent oxygen exchange. At a biological level, they have an adverse effect on microorganisms, animals, and plants. They reach soil from sludge and liquid and how they get into the atmosphere is still unknown. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor and control surfactants in the environment. Nowadays, several analytical methods are used to successfully determined their presence in water. The techniques are based on a visual detection with organic extraction and formation of a coloured ion pair and electrochemical detection includes ion-selective electrodes for surfactants based on an ion pair in a liquid membrane. Surface active agents are successfully removed from the environment through physio-chemical and biological decomposition processes in wastewater treatment systems.

• Keywords: površinski aktivne tvari; onečišćujuće tvari; okoliš
• Keywords (english): surface active agents; pollutants; environment
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:130:864466
• Study programme: Title: Environmental Engineering; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/ baccalaurea) inženjer/ inženjerka inženjerstva okoliša (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/ baccalaurea) inženjer/ inženjerka inženjerstva okoliša)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2020-10-06 07:49:23