Diklor-difenil-trikloretan kao onečišćivalo okoliša

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane as environmental pollutant
• Author: Tea Kos
• Mentor: Nikola Sakač (mentor)
• Committee member: Sanja Kovač (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Nikola Sakač (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ivan Kovač (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Anita Ptiček Siročić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Geotechnical Engineering; Varaždin
• Defense date and country: 2021-09-16, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Interdisciplinary Technical Sciences; Environmental Engineering

Abstract

Diklor–difenil–trikloretan (DDT) izuzetno je postojan i učinkovit organokloridni
insekticid koji se u prvoj polovici 20. stoljeća naširoko koristio za suzbijanje vektora koji
šire dizenteriju, tifus, malariju i druge bolesti. Iako je zbog izuzetno štetnog djelovanja
na ljudsko zdravlje i okoliš zabranjen Stokholmskom konvencijom u većini država svijeta
2004. godine, i danas se koristi u mnogim afričkim zemljama za suzbijanje malarije jer
su koristi veće od štete koju DDT uzrokuje. Procesom bioakumulacije dolazi do
povećanja koncentracije rezidua DDT-a kod životinja koje se nalaze više u hranidbenom
lancu. DDT je pronađen u svim sastavnicama okoliša zbog mogućnosti transporta
atmosferom, a najveći utjecaj je na tla i vode. U tlu je slabo pokretljiv pa se zadržava u
površinskim slojevima gdje ga apsorbiraju biljke, a time i životinje koje se njima hrane.
Iz tla može ponovno ispariti i ući u atmosferu, a vrijeme poluraspada DDT-a u tlu je od
pola godine do čak više od 16 godina ovisno o lokalnim uvjetima i tipu tla. Danas je
najveći problem kontaminacija voda jer je DDT izrazito hidrofoban te se apsorbira u
organske čestice sedimenata i time akumulira u organizme koje žive u njima. Do danas
nije pronađena prikladna alternativa koja ima visoku efikasnost i širok spektar upotrebe
kao što ima DDT.

Abstract (english)

Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is an extremely persistent and effective
organochloride insecticide that was widely used in the first half of the 20th century to
control vectors that spread dysentery, typhus, malaria and other diseases. Although it was
banned in most countries by the Stockholm Convention in 2004 due to its extremely
harmful effects on human health and the environment, it is still used in many African
countries to combat malaria because its benefits outweigh its harm. The process of
bioaccumulation leads to an increase in the concentration of DDT residues in animals that
are higher in the food chain. DDT is found in all the components of the environment
because it can be transported by the atmosphere, and the greatest impact is on soil and
water. It does not move in soil, so it remains in surface layers where it is absorbed by
plants, and thus by e animals that feed on them. It can evaporate from soil again and enter
the atmosphere, and the half-life of DDT in soil is from half a year to even more than 16
years depending on local conditions and soil type. Today, the biggest problem is water
contamination because DDT is extremely hydrophobic, so it is absorbed byorganic
sediment particles and thus accumulates in the organisms that live in them So far, no
suitable alternative has been found that has as high efficiency and a wide range of use as
DDT.

• Keywords: DDT; insekticid; biomagnifikacija
• Keywords (english): DDT; insecticide; biomagnification
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:130:487674
• Study programme: Title: Environmental Engineering; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/ baccalaurea) inženjer/ inženjerka inženjerstva okoliša (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/ baccalaurea) inženjer/ inženjerka inženjerstva okoliša)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to authenticated users
• Created on: 2021-10-27 07:50:16