Metode određivanja površinski aktivnih tvari u okolišu

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Methods for detecting surface active agents in the environment
• Author: Jelena Maloić
• Mentor: Nikola Sakač (mentor)
• Committee member: Sanja Kovač (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Nikola Sakač (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Anita Ptiček Siročić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ivan Kovač (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Geotechnical Engineering; Varaždin
• Defense date and country: 2022-09-16, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Interdisciplinary Technical Sciences; Environmental Engineering

Abstract

Površinski aktivne tvari ili tenzidi su organski spojevi koji se prema naboju dijele na anionske, kationske, neionske i amorfne. Sastojak su raznih proizvoda za higijenu i dezinfekciju, te se pojavljuju u sastavu deterđenata za pranje i imaju veliku primjenu u kućanstvima i industriji. Ponašaju se kao emulgatori, dezinficijensi, sredstva za pjenjenje, pranje i odmašćivanje te djeluju biocidno. Ubrzana industrijalizacija, porast životnog standarda te rast proizvodnje električnih vozila glavni su uzroci povećane potražnje za tenzidima. Zbog masovne upotrebe, njihov negativan utjecaj primijećen je u svim aspektima okoliša i u živim organizmima. Lako se akumuliraju u sediment, tlo, floru i faunu. Pjene se i smanjuju površinsku napetost na granici faza i time sprječavaju izmjenu kisika. Zbog svega navedenog potrebno ih je pratiti i kontrolirati, ne samo u okolišu već i kroz kontrolu kvalitete u industriji. Analitičke analize za utvrđivanje tenzida u okolišu su titracijske metode (vizualne i potencimetrijske), spektrofotometrijske (MBAS, engl. Methylene blue active substances), turbidimetrijske i kromatografske metode te instrumentalizirane metode poput analize s injektiranjem u protok (FIA, engl. Flow injection analysis). Svaka od navedenih metoda ima određene prednosti i nedostatke koji se navode i komentiraju u ovom radu.

Abstract (english)

Surface-active substances or surfactants are organic compounds that are divided into anionic, cationic, nonionic and amorphous compounds according to their charge. They are used as ingredients in various products for hygiene and disinfection, they appear in the composition of washing detergents and they are widely used in households and industry. Surfactants act as emulsifiers, disinfectants, foaming, washing and degreasing agents and they have a biocidal effect. Accelerated industrialization, better living standardand an increase in the production of electric vehicles are the main causes of the growing demand for surfactants. Due to their massive use, their negative impact has been observed in all the aspects of the environment and in living organisms. They easily accumulate in sediment, soil, flora and fauna. They foam and reduce the surface tension at the phase boundary and thus prevent the exchange of oxygen. Because of all of this, it is necessary to monitor and control them, not only in the environment but also through quality control in industry. Analytical analyses for the determination of surfactants in the environment include titration methods (visual and potentiometric), spectrophotometric (MBAS, English Methylene blue active substances), turbid imetric and chromatographic methods, and instrumented methods such as an analysis with a flow injection (FIA, English Flow injection analysis) ). Each of the mentioned methods has certain advantages and disadvantages, and they are presented and discussed on in this paper.

• Keywords: površinski aktivne tvari; tenzidi; metode određivanja; MBAS metoda
• Keywords (english): surfactants; determination methods; MBAS method
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:130:609919
• Study programme: Title: Environmental Engineering; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/ baccalaurea) inženjer/ inženjerka inženjerstva okoliša (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/ baccalaurea) inženjer/ inženjerka inženjerstva okoliša)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to authenticated users
• Created on: 2022-10-24 08:00:26