Klasifikacija stijenske mase za potrebe iskopa na dijelu vodoopskrbne mreže otoka Hvara

master's thesis

• Title (english): Rock mass classification for excavation purposes on the part of the water supply network of the Island of Hvar
• Author: Mihael Heček
• Mentor: Jasmin Jug (mentor)
• Mentor: Nikola Kranjčić (komentor)
• Committee member: Sanja Kovač (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Jasmin Jug (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Nikola Kranjčić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Stjepan Strelec (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Geotechnical Engineering; Varaždin
• Defense date and country: 2022-07-18, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Interdisciplinary Technical Sciences

Abstract

Odabir tehnologije otkopavanja predstavlja jedan od vrlo važnih i zahtjevnih zadataka
prilikom planiranja iskopa u čvrstim stijenama, bilo na površinskom kopu ili građevnoj jami.
Raznolikost značajki stijenske mase ima velik utjecaj na učinkovitost primjene određene
tehnike i tehnologije otkopavanja. Što je stijenska masa raspucanija, lakše će se otkopavati.
Diskontinuiranost je dobro poznata karakteristika stijenskih masa, pogotovo sedimentnih, a
ta se značajka vrlo uspješno istražuje primjenom neinvazivnih, brzih i relativno jeftinih
seizmičkih geofizičkih metoda. Rezultat seizmičkih istraživanja su brzine kompresijskih ili
primarnih P-valova, te posmičnih ili sekundarnih S-valova. Neke od metoda iz literature kao
glavni pokazatelj za procjenu mogućnosti otkopavanja stijene koriste navedene brzine
seizmičkih valova. U ovom diplomskom radu obrađena je klasifikacija stijenske mase za
potrebe iskopa na dijelu vodoopskrbne mreže otoka Hvara. Predloženo je i primijenjeno
nekoliko klasifikacija ili metoda koje se mogu koristiti za potrebe određivanja načina iskopa.
Svrha određivanja najoptimalnije metode iskopa je smanjenje samih troškova izvedbe iskopa
i ušteda vremena. Prilikom terenskih mjerenja korištene su geotehničke i geofizičke metode
istraživanja, poput plitke refrakcijske seizmike (SRS), višekanalne analize površinskih
valova (MASW) i Schmidtovog čekića, dok su za pozicioniranje na terenu korištena osnovna
geodetska znanja i globalni navigacijski satelitski sustavi (GNSS). Na temelju izmjerenih
brzina seizmičkih valova i procijenjene jednoosne tlačne čvrstoće na izdancima, stijenska
masa na istraživanoj trasi je sukladno korištenim metodama klasifikacije kategorizirana u
dvije grupe, ovisno o zahtjevnosti iskopa. Tako je više od 90% iskopa potrebno izvesti
miniranjem, dok se manje količine stijenskog materijala mogu strojno iskopati.

Abstract (english)

The selection of an excavation technology is a very important and demanding task when
planning excavation in solid rocks, whether on a surface mine or a construction pit. The
variety of rock mass characteristics greatly influences the application efficiency of a
particular excavation technique and technology. Discontinuous rock mass is easier to
excavate in comparison to solid rock mass. Discontinuity is a well-known characteristic of
rock masses, especially sedimentary ones, and this feature is very successfully investigated
by using non-invasive, fast and relatively inexpensive seismic geophysical methods. The
results of seismic investigations are the velocity of compression or primary P-waves and
shear or secondary S-waves. Some of the methods from the literature use the mentioned
seismic wave velocity as the primary indicator for assessing the possibility of rock
excavation. This master thesis presents the classification of rock mass for the purposes of
excavation on the part of a water supply network on the island of Hvar. Several classifications
or methods that can be used to determine an excavation technology have been proposed and
applied. The purpose of determining the most optimal excavation method is to reduce the
excavation costs and save time. Geotechnical and geophysical investigation methods, such
as shallow refractive seismic (SRS), multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) and
Schmidt's hammer were used in field measurements, while basic geodetic knowledge and
global navigation satellite system (GNSS) were used for field positioning. Based on the
measured seismic wave velocities and the estimated uniaxial compressive strength on the
outcrops the rock mass on the investigated route was categorized into two groups according
to the classification methods which were used, depending on the complexity of an excavation.
It was concluded that more than 90% of excavations need to be carried out by blasting, while
smaller amounts of rock material can be excavated by using a machine.

• Keywords: Otok Hvar; otkopavanje stijenske mase; klasifikacija materijala za iskop; brzina seizmičkih valova; geofizičke seizmičke metode; GNSS
• Keywords (english): The island of Hvar; rock mass excavation; classification of excavation material; seismic waves velocity; geophysical seismic methods; GNSS
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:130:410574
• Study programme: Title: Geoenvironmental Engineering; specializations in: Geoenvironmental Engineering, Environmental Management, Water Management; Course: Geoenvironmental Engineering; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra inženjer/ inženjerka inženjerstva okoliša (magistar/magistra inženjer/ inženjerka inženjerstva okoliša)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2023-01-16 10:08:28