Analiza rezultata vakuumske pirolize različitih otpadnih materijala

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): The assessment of the results of vacuum pyrolysis of different waste materials
• Author: Antonio Črep
• Mentor: Ivana Grčić (mentor)
• Mentor: Lucija Radetić (komentor)
• Committee member: Sanja Kovač (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ivana Grčić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Lucija Radetić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Igor Petrović (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Geotechnical Engineering; Varaždin
• Defense date and country: 2024-09-30, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Interdisciplinary Technical Sciences; Environmental Engineering

Abstract

Današnje društvo karakteriziraju hiperprodukcija i masovna potrošnja, što rezultira do sada neviđenim količinama otpada. Otpad nastaje procesima proizvodnje i potrošnje i njime treba pažljivo upravljati kako bi se umanjila njegova količina te kako bi se izbjeglo onečišćenje okoliša ili narušavanje zdravlja ljudi. U svijetu se godišnje proizvede oko 2 milijarde tona otpada, od čega značajan postotak čini plastični otpad. Upravljanje krutim otpadom postaje sve veći problem s obzirom da tradicionalna odlagališta nisu poželjna s ekološke točke gledišta. Jedan od ključnih problema su otpadni polimeri, odnosno plastika, koji se većinom koriste prilikom izrade raznih proizvoda, pakiranja ili zaštitnih vanjskih slojeva. Termička obrada otpada obuhvaća skupinu procesa i tehnologija koje se koriste za uklanjanje otpada pomoću visokih temperatura. Primarni cilj termičke obrade jest smanjenje ukupne količine otpada, dok su ostali ciljevi proizvodnje energije ili pretvaranje otpada u korisne proizvode. Glavni procesi termičke obrade otpada obuhvaćaju spaljivanje, pirolizu i rasplinjavanje. Piroliza predstavlja važan proces za obradu otpada, a njezina se vrijednost osobito ističe pri recikliranju heterogenog, nesortiranog i neočišćenog plastičnog otpada. Piroliza rješava problem plastičnog otpada koji je inače teško reciklirati te ga pretvara u korisne tržišne proizvode poput CNT-a. U sklopu ovog rada proveden je eksperiment kako bi se utvrdila mogućnost sintetiziranja CNT-a pomoću pirolize otpadne plastike. U sklopu ovog rada provedena je eksperimentalna piroliza tri vrste otpadne plastike: polistirena, propilena i polietilen tereftalata. Utvrđeno je kako je piroliza polistirena i propilena rezultirala sintezom ugljikovih nano-cjevčica, dok piroliza polietilen tereftalata nije rezultirala sintezom navedene tvari zbog preniske temperature obrade.

Abstract (english)

Modern society is characterized by hyperproduction and mass consumption, which have resulted in vast quantities of waste. Waste occurs during the manufacturing and consumption processes and therefore must be carefully managed in order to reduce its quantity and to avoid environmental pollution or risks to human health. Approximately 2 billion tons of waste are produced annually, whereby plastic waste makes a significant percentage thereof. Solid waste management has become a challenging problem since traditional landfills are not desirable from an ecological point of view. Waste polymers, i.e. plastics, are one of the most problematic components of said waste. These materials are mostly used during production, packaging and as outer protective layers. Thermal waste treatment encompasses a series of processes and technologies used to reduce waste using high temperatures. Its primary goal is to reduce the total quantity of waste, but there are further benefits of this treatment such as energy generation or conversion of waste into useful products. The three main thermal waste treatment processes include incineration, pyrolysis, and gasification. Pyrolysis is considered one of the most important thermal waste treatment processes, and is particularly valuable when it comes to recycling heterogeneous, unsorted and unclean plastic waste. Pyrolysis solves the problem of plastic waste that is difficult to recycle and converts it into useful and marketable products such as CNT. As a part of this bachelor thesis, an experiment was conducted in order to determine whether waste plastic pyrolysis can result in CNT synthesis. Three types of waste plastics were subjected to pyrolysis – polystyrene, propylene, and polyethylene terephthalate. It was determined that polystyrene and propylene pyrolysis resulted in carbon nano tube synthesis. However, polyethylene terephthalate pyrolysis failed to produce the aforementioned CNT, probably due to a too low processing temperature.

• Keywords: upravljanje otpadom; termička obrada otpada; vakuumska piroliza; ugljikove nano-cjevčice
• Keywords (english): waste management; thermal waste treatment; recycling; vacuum pyrolysis; carbon nano tubes
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:130:757609
• Study programme: Title: Environmental Engineering; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka inženjerstva okoliša (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka inženjerstva okoliša)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-10-14 09:32:36