Analiza indikatora potrošnje energije za grijanje u kućanstvima u kontinentalnoj Hrvatskoj

master's thesis

• Title (english): The analysis of energy consumption indicators for heating in family houses in continental Croatia
• Author: Eleonora Brcković
• Mentor: Vlasta Zanki (mentor)
• Committee member: Sanja Kovač (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Vlasta Zanki (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Aleksandra Anić Vučinić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Vitomir Premur (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Geotechnical Engineering; Varaždin
• Defense date and country: 2024-09-23, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Interdisciplinary Technical Sciences; Environmental Engineering

Abstract

Najviše energije u hrvatskim kućanstvima troši se na grijanje prostora i pripremu
potrošne tople vode (PTV). Ove potrebe čine preko 80% ukupne potrošnje energije
u višestambenim zgradama i kućama u Republici Hrvatskoj. Mnoge višestambene
zgrade spadaju u niske energetske razrede. Sukladno trendovima zemljama
Europske unije, čije su direktive usmjerene prema visokoučinkovitoj upotrebi
energije za grijanje, identificirana je potreba za je energetskom obnovom
promatranih kućanstava. Europske direktive, ali i nacionalne strategije i programi
Vlade Republike Hrvatske potiču obnovu energetski neučinkovitih stambenih
prostora s ciljem dostizanja razine energetske učinkovitosti drugih EU članica . Ovaj
rad obuhvaća detaljnu analizu stanja sustava grijanja višestambenih zgrada i
kućanstava, analizirajući potrošnju energije korištene za grijanje i PTV. U okviru
diplomskog rada, predstavljena je metodologija, koja opisuje relevantne
komponente korištene u istraživanju te način prikupljanja i obrade istih. Uz
navedeno, predstavljeni su indikatori koji jasno prikazuju potrošnju energenata u
kućanstvima, uz što su analizirane emisije CO2 i primarne energije povezane s
potrošnjom energenata.
Glavni rezultati istraživanja obuhvaćaju prosječnu potrošnju energenata korištenih
za dobivanje toplinske energije te emisije CO2 u promatranim stambenim objektima.
Potrošnja energenata iskazana je kroz postavljene indikatore potrošnje, tj. kroz
indikator broja osoba opskrbljenih energijom i indikator kvadratnog metra koju
određeni izvor toplinske energije pokriva. Analizom dobivenih podataka utvrđeno je
kako su obiteljske kuće na godišnjoj razini prosječno potrošile 27,97 kWh/m2 el.
energ., 139,29 kWh/m2 toplinske energ. te 77,95 kWh/m2 prirodnog plina. Uz
obiteljske kuće, analizirana je potrošnja energenata za višestambene zgrade.Analizom prikupljenih podataka utvrđeno je kako VSZ godišnje prosječno utroše
38,99 kWh/m2 električne, odnosno 119,85 kWh/m2 toplinske energije, dok se na
godišnjoj razini utroši 131,57 kWh/m2 prirodnog plina

Abstract (english)

Space heating and the preparation of domestic hot water (DHW) account for the
highest energy consumption in Croatia. These needs make up over 80% of the total
energy consumption in multi-family buildings and houses in Croatia. Many multifamily
buildings fall into low energy performance categories. In line with European
Union trends, which focus on highly efficient energy use for heating, there is a need
for the energy renovation of the observed households. European directives, as well
as national strategies and programmes initiated by the Government of the Republic
of Croatia, encourage the renovation of energy-inefficient residential spaces to
achieve the energy efficiency levels of other EU member states. This paper provides
a detailed analysis of the heating systems in multi-family buildings and households,
examining energy consumption for heating and DHW. The thesis presents a
methodology which describes relevant components which were used in the research
and the methods for data collection and processing. Also, the paper presents
indicators that clearly show energy consumption in households, along with an
analysis of CO2 emissions and primary energy related to energy consumption.
The main findings of the research include the average consumption of energy
sources used for generating thermal energy and CO2 emissions in the observed
residential buildings. Energy consumption is expressed through established
consumption indicators, specifically the indicator of the number of people supplied
with energy and the indicator of the square meter area covered by a particular
thermal energy source. The analysis of the obtained data revealed that single-family
homes, on an annual basis, consumed an average of 27.97 kWh/m² of electrical
energy, 139.29 kWh/m² of thermal energy, and 77.95 kWh/m² of natural gas. In
addition to single-family homes, the energy consumption for multi-family residential
buildings was also analyzed. The analysis of the collected data showed that multifamily
residential buildings annually consume an average of 38.99 kWh/m² of
electrical energy, 119.85 kWh/m² of thermal energy, and 131.57 kWh/m² of natural
gas.

• Keywords: potrošnja energije na grijanje; energenti; indikatori potrošnje; kućanstva; potrošna topla voda; emisije CO2
• Keywords (english): energy consumption for heating; energy sources; consumption indicators; households; domestic hot water (DHW); CO2 emissions
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:130:862527
• Study programme: Title: Geoenvironmental Engineering; specializations in: Geoenvironmental Engineering, Environmental Management, Water Management; Course: Environmental Management; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka inženjerstva okoliša (sveučilišni/a magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka inženjerstva okoliša)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-10-17 08:41:44