Tehnologije otkopavanja stijenske mase

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Rock mass excavation technologies
• Author: Anita Lacko
• Mentor: Jasmin Jug (mentor)
• Committee member: Sanja Kovač (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Jasmin Jug (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Stjepan Strelec (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Boris Kavur (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Geotechnical Engineering; Varaždin
• Defense date and country: 2022-09-16, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Interdisciplinary Technical Sciences; Environmental Engineering

Abstract

Otkopavanje stijenske mase može se izvoditi miniranjem ili mehaničkim načinom. Mehaničko otkopavanje podrazumijeva metode kao što su rijanje, kopanje, razbijanje, i rezanje. Strojevi koji se koriste za mehaničko otkopavanje su: bageri, dozeri i strojevi s rotirajućom reznim elementima. Odabir metode koja će se koristiti ovisi o značajkama stijenske mase i utjecaju izvedbe samog iskopa na okoliš. Zbog negativnog utjecaja na okoliš, za miniranje se sve češće traže alternative u metodama mehaničkog otkopavanja. Pokazatelj dobro odabrane metode otkopavanja je dobivena željena fragmentacija otkopanog materijala, uz minimalan utjecaj na okoliš. Najvažnije značajke koje utječu na ponašanje stijenskog materijala kod otkopavanja su jednoosna tlačna čvrstoća intaktne stijene i razmak diskontinuiteta unutar stijenske mase. Osim značajki stijenske mase, kod planiranja iskopa stijenske mase potrebno je poznavanje osnova mehanike loma, jer se lom stijene temelji na linearno elastičnoj mehanici loma.

Abstract (english)

Rock mass excavation can be performed by blasting or mechanically. Mechanical excavation involves methods such as ripping, digging, breaking and cutting. Machines used for mechanical excavation are excavators, dozers and machines with rotating cutting elements. The choice of a method which is going to be used depends on the characteristics of the rock mass and the impact of the excavation on the environment. Due to the negative impact on the environment, alternative mechanical excavation methods are increasingly sought for blasting. An indicator of a well-chosen excavation method is obtained by the desired fragmentation of an excavated material, with minimal impact on the environment. The most important features that influence the behaviour of a rock material during excavation are the uniaxial compressive strength of an intact rock and the spacing of discontinuities within the rock mass. In addition to the features of the rock mass, when planning the excavation of the rock mass, knowledge of the basics of fracture mechanics is necessary, because rock fracture is based on linear elastic fracture mechanics.

• Keywords: stijenska masa; miniranje; mehaničko otkopavanje; mehanika loma; značajke stijenske mase
• Keywords (english): rock mass; blasting; mechanical excavation; fracture mechanics; rock mass characteristics
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:130:151026
• Study programme: Title: Environmental Engineering; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/ baccalaurea) inženjer/ inženjerka inženjerstva okoliša (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/ baccalaurea) inženjer/ inženjerka inženjerstva okoliša)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2022-10-24 08:16:55